I. Introduction
To respond APEC "Go green" we, students in class 12A8 Nguyen Van Cu high school, Bac Ninh have done a research on the environmental pollution in Da Hoi, a steel village in Bac Ninh Viet Nam.
Image 1: Da Hoi village
Image2: The road of Da Hoi village
Da Hoi iron steel village is located on the north bank of Ngu Huyen Khe river, 25 kilometers east of Ha Noi. It belongs to Chau Khe quarter, Tu Son district, Bac Ninh province. Originally, Da Hoi was a metallic mechanical engineering professional village manufacturing household appliances such as knives, scissors, hoes, shovels. Now it has become a centre manufacturing steel with a capacity of three hundred and fifty thousand ton each year.Chau Khe is like a giant steel stove. Its scale is ranked the first or the second in the country’s steel manufacturing scale.
Da Hoi’s steel product is used in every area of Vietnam and it is also exported to other countries such as China and Lao. Da Hoi’s steel manufacturing supplies jobs to the local people and many others from provinces such as Thai Nguyen, Vinh Phuc, etc... The manufacturing and its commercial service helps the residents earn much money and many people in Da Hoi become billionaires.
Besides the benefits this steel village has brought to people, it has caused a huge environment problem for the local and nearby village people and locations.
II. State and consequences
The development and enlargement of steel works in Da Hoi result in the increase environmental pollution and make the village a giant waste ground. Dirt, smoke, noise and industrial waste are threatening the life of Da Hoi’s people.
II.1.Dirt and smoke:
People living in Da Hoi and other surrounding areas have to live with dirt and smoke from the steel works and transport. Da Hoi has more than 850 household works so the demand for fuel consumption is considerably high. Each day, Da Hoi uses about 100 tons of coal, 1 ton of wood, a ton of FO oil. Smoke from the casting and laminating stoves with out- of- date technology is discharged directly into the air and makes it polluted seriously.
The results analyzed by the Natural resources and environment service show that the amount of dirt in the residential area is from twice to three times above the standard allowed, the strength of carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide is nearly twice. In steel casting stoves a lot of dangerous gases, iron dirt, heavy metallic gases are all from five to twenty times above the standards allowed.
Besides the smoke and dirt from the steel works, smoke and dirt from transport is also a problem hard to solve. Heavy lorries, trailers carrying iron and steel are always on the move. They release dangerous gases and damage the village’s road, making it muddy in rainy reason and dirty in dry one. The houses and furniture of the people living there are grimed with dust and look black although they are wiped every day. Workers there have a face smeared all over, the clothes and faces of the people especially children who aren’t taken good care of are sticky with dirt. The dangerous smoke and dirt is affecting the people’s health badly every day, every hour. It causes diseases relating eyes, breathing, hearts etc…, declining the living standards of the local people. The aged and small children are the most vulnerable objects of smoke and dirt pollution in the professional village.
Image3: Each day, Da Hoi uses about 100 tons of coal
Image 4: Muddy village’s road in rainy reason
Image 5: Dirty village’s road in dry season
II.2.Noise pollution:
Noise pollution is also a problem existing in Da Hoi professional village. The works which laminate steel or manufacture nails with old out-of-date machines cause deafening noise when they are operating. The lorries and trailers which move heaven and earth on the village’s road also cause unpleasant noise. It’s very difficult to find quiet space in Da Hoi. Even the schools and the first-aid station are still affected by the noise . This has bad effect on the quality of the pupils’ studying and the old people’s sleep. People living in such noisy environment get stressed, hot-tempered and lose calm easily.
Image 6+7: Machines and transport cause the noise pollution
II.3. Industrial waste
Da Hoi is a recycling steel village. Its source of raw materials is mainly iron in loose bits collected from other provinces in the country. Industrial waste is mainly discarded scrap, iron rust, scrap iron, soil and sand and a great amount of coal ash originating in the manufacture. Industrial waste also includes discharged water containing chemicals and metallic ions, acid steam, alkali which are created from the manufacturing of steel.
This amount of waste product is often dumped in the ponds, lakes, the banks of the Ngu Huyen Khe river and itself, affecting directly the health of the local people and ones living in the surrounding areas.
The big steel works often transport coal ash and discarded scarp to the bare grounds of the village. Consequently, the quality of the soil environment is becoming worse and worse.
III. Reasons and solutions
III.1.Reasons:
There are some reasons causing the environmental pollution in Da Hoi.
Firstly the steel works intersperse with residential area. The works are situated in the same place where the houses are.
Secondly, each family develops its manufacture separately.
Those who are responsible for the environmental problems may install some technology to reduce the effects of smoke but those who are irresponsible for them do nothing to protect the environment.
Thirdly, most of the steel works are in bad condition, unsettled, narrow and lack of water treating or waste matter systems etc…In addition the employers’ and employees’ cognition and the sense of responsibility for protecting environment is still restricted
Recognizing the state and the effects of environmental pollution the residents, businessmen, and local authority have applied many solutions to minimize them. They have assembled the works in an industrial area on the south bank of Ngu Huyen Khe river, separating it from the residential area.
Some owners of works built the chimneys which are higher than the people’s houses and installed the spouting fog systems (hệ thống phun sương) in the works to restrict smoke, dirt. Others have invested money to replace the old out –of – date machines with the more modern ones.
However these solutions haven’t been applied widely to all the works in Da Hoi. The area of Dahoi’s land is restricted so it’s impossible to assemble all the works in the industrial area. Moreover the industrial area isn’t far from the residential area and it still affects people’s lives badly. The installation of machines which help minimize the pollution is expensive so many owners of the works can’t afford it and they still have to use the old-out–of–date machines. Many owners are not self-imposed, they don’t voluntarily invest money in modern technology. All the above problems make it challenging to solve the environmental pollution in Da Hoi.
Image 8: The works are situated in the same place where the houses are
Image9: Raw materials of Da Hoi recycling steel village
Image10: The bank of the Ngu Huyen Khe river
III.2. Solutions:
Audio: Businessman's ideas
Audio: Businessman's ideas
“…It’s difficult to solve the problem. There should have the investment of the authorities in all aspects, each businessman should be self-imposed (etc,…) so that we can improve the environment….”
Video: Students’ discussion
When doing research on solutions to the environmental pollution in Da Hoi, the students in class 12 A8 of Nguyen Van Cu secondary school, have talked to some owners of works, discussed together and proposed some ideas. In our opinion, to solve the problem needs the participation of the authorities, the businessmen and the residents. Firstly, the authorities should supplement the village more area of land to help build a large industrial area which can assemble all the works existing in the residential area. The infrastructure such as roads, bridges should also be built to make the transportation more convenient.
Secondly, there should have an area where waste matter and water are treated before being poured into the environment. Thirdly, the authorities should give more attractive and prior policies to the investment capital so that the businessmen can approach a loan and invest in machines works which have good standards for the environment. Moreover the local authorities and businessmen must discuss to establish adequate requirements for the works, technology and safety for working conditions to minimise the bad effects of the professional village on the environment. There should have strict enforced law in order to warn the people off breaking the environmental protecting rules.
Last but not least, there must be programs which help improve people’s sense of responsibilities for protecting environment, for example opening campaigns to encourage people to plan trees or clean their surroundings and so on and so forth. In sum, the government, businessmen and residents must join hands to solve the problems of environmental pollution in Da Hoi professional village. Hoping that in the future Da Hoi will develop more and more and become one of the professional villages which contribute to the efforts to protect environment.
Authors of the research: Students in class 12A8. Mr Do Xuan Quynh is our guide
Namelist of the students in class:
Phạm Kim Anh Dương Thị Lan Đàm Thị Quyên
Ngô Thuý Bích Lê Thị Lan Nguyễn Thị Quyên
Nguyễn Thị Dung Trần Thị Ngọc lan Chử Văn Quý
Đàm Anh Đào Chử Trọng Lộc Nguyễn Thị Sự
Ngô Việt Đức Nguyễn Thị Lợi Trần Khắc Tâm
Nguyễn Thanh Hải Nguyễn Thị Hồng Minh Nguyễn Thị Thuỷ
Chu Minh Hoàng Trần Văn Nam Trần Thị Thuỷ
Vũ Thị Hôm Dương Thị Ngọc Nguyễn Thành Trung
Trần Văn Huân Trần Thị Ninh Ngô Văn Viện
Nguyễn Thị Hương Nguyễn Đình Quang Trần Văn Vương
Nguyễn Thị Hường Vũ Thị Xuân
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